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Diseño y análisis integrados de CA y CD
SCADA, EMS, PMS, ADMS y SAS basados en modelos
Controladores inteligentes y sistema de gestión
Una plataforma unificada de gemelo digitalDiseño, Operación y Automatización
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How a failure, to properly perform protection studies, led to a significant substation safety incident and outage. Understanding minimum and maximum fault current values are critical in this case study. The shortcomings led to a fault not being removed fast enough. Short circuit impedances are very valuable, it is critical to have the right cables and impedances of the equipment. An excellent learning from this case study is that line to line arc flash fault exists much longer at medium voltage level. In low voltage we do not see those type of line-to-line arc flash faults because line to line arc flash fault will rapidly turn into a three-phase fault. The arc flash calculator is a great tool to estimate incident energy. The arc flash calculator shows both methods: below 15 kv we can use IEEE 1584-2018 to calculate incident energy at 15 Kv, and above our fault calculated method can calculate calories exposure during the fault.
Renewable energy systems continue to be one of the fastest growing segments of the energy industry. This presentation focuses on the understanding of how photovoltaic (PV) technology behaves under dc arc conditions. A comparative analysis of the arc flash incident energy calculation method developed in collaboration between National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and ETAP details the effect of PV module I-V and P-V curves under arcing conditions. Examples of the application of the proposed calculation method to the test measurements are included.
Solution overview and presenters introduction.
Smart Distribution Management is all about quality and reliable energy delivery to the consumers. To ensure that, distribution network utilities must be able to recognize real-time the exact state of their network for any operational violation and the exact state of consumers’ connectivity for any service interruption.
Alpine Energy Case Study – Building a model for today and the uncertain tomorrow. To maximize the benefit from our ETAP models, we developed a system that makes use of the available features to provide structure to our system models, and allow flexibility to deal with future model expansion and changes. The foundation to achieving this objective was the establishment of a naming convention and model structure that would enable the loading of models and data handling processes to be done with ease. Further enhancing our use of ETAP, we make use of templates and color coding linked to the themes to match the real world network in the modelling world. Lastly, the library was built from scratch and has now matured to a stage where new data is phased in and updated during the validation of models. Following our investment in building our models, in order to maximize the benefit from our ETAP, we developed rigorous processes to ensure accuracy and consistency in building models and managing data. Once data is updated, we utilize ETAP to run Load Flow, Fault Level and Protection Coordination studies and rely on ETAP multi-dimensional database capabilities to set financial years, switching configurations and add new proposed loads to the relevant configuration year. Combining the above features and processes, we have established a disciplined and rigorous Network Development Planning process using ETAP. This has enabled us to plan for the future in an efficient and effective manner. Our ETAP models are benchmarked against actual power system conditions by collecting historical demand data (voltages and currents) from smart meters at customer level, power quality measurement devices at distribution transformers, protection relays at substations, and our SCADA system. But this is not the end, we have developed a future roadmap for our ETAP models with plans to fully integrate with our geospatial information system and our supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) environment, to utilize protection coordination, and build smart scenario wizards to do the hard work for us.
A practical example of an internal review of a protection coordination study, including the definition of protective device settings & characteristics.
Design and commission of a green-site power system including protection coordination for the entire site and implementation of IEC61850 communications, inter-tripping, inter-locking and protection blocking schemes.
Konexa rolling out its integrated distribution model with multiple DISCOs across Nigeria. In its sub-concession area, Konexa will develop embedded generation capacity (solar PV), and invest in the distribution network (medium voltage line, distribution transformers, injection substations) and last mile reticulation (low voltage lines, smart metering infrastructure). In addition, Konexa will invest in and implement IT & OT systems and processes to drive operational efficiency and significantly reduce ATC&C losses. The first phase of the project would serve about 7,000 customers (C&I and residentials).
This presentation defines and demonstrates the importance of remote data collection of protection relays for the security and reliability of large power system networks.
High penetration of solar PV energy fed into an electrical grid brings its share of challenges making the grid volatile which requires stabilizing variable energy. This presentation addresses one such challenge, of voltage profile improvement with reactive power compensation at the point of interconnection. A solar PV plant is rated in terms of power (either AC or DC) and is typically not rated for their reactive counterparts (MVAr). IEEE 1547/UL 1741 compliant inverters will typically not have reactive power capability and operate with a unity power factor. Although modern inverters have a capacity to supply reactive power in the range of +0.9 lead/-0.9 lag, the PV plant is rated based on the AC power supplied by the inverter at unity PF. Operational data sourced from various plants in India suggest that a typical utility-scale PV plant provides reactive energy in the range of 7% to 10%. This leads to an inherent error in the per-unit cost calculation, as when the inverter providing the reactive power, the active power is hampered. This paper showcases a cost-to-benefit analysis of various scenarios, such as unity power.